Firearms expert David Mischkulnig from Alpen Adria Jagd in Villach took a close look at the all-new Steyr RMS Wild. Nearly 130 years after Steyr made military history with the legendary Mannlicher M95—the world’s first straight-pull rifle, famously nicknamed the “Straight-Pull Lightning Rifle” for its rapid cycling action—the Austrian manufacturer is back with a modern hunting rifle built around the same principle. The expectations are high. After all, the Steyr name has been synonymous with precision, innovation, and Austrian gunmaking excellence for generations. But can the new RMS Wild compete with today’s established straight-pull hunting rifles? For Shot & Stillness, firearms expert David Mischkulnig of Alpen Adria Jagd in Villach put the new rifle through its paces—from the stock and action to real-world range testing. First Impressions: Pure Steyr The stock feels rugged, practical, and purpose-built for serious hunting. From the moment you pick it up, one thing becomes clear: the RMS Wild isn’t trying to reinvent the wheel. Instead, it builds upon Steyr’s proven strengths while introducing a modern straight-pull action designed for today’s hunters. The glass-fiber reinforced synthetic stock feels rugged, practical, and well thought out. Its lines resemble the popular SM12 series but with a more modern and dynamic appearance. Available in both green and brown, the rifle immediately leaves the impression of a premium hunting tool. David was particularly impressed by the ergonomics: “The rifle feels incredibly comfortable in the hands. The steep pistol grip naturally puts your shooting hand exactly where it needs to be.” At approximately 7 pounds (3.2 kg), the RMS Wild is also among the lighter rifles in its category. Built for Real-World Hunting Steyr packed the RMS Wild with features typically found on rifles costing significantly more. The stock length can be adjusted without tools using a spacer system, while the adjustable comb features a clever memory function that automatically returns to the previously selected position. Modern QD sling swivel sockets come standard. “It sounds like a small detail,” David explains, “but in the field it makes a huge difference.” Especially during long stalks or mountain hunts, those practical touches quickly become appreciated. Safety Comes First Safety remains one of the most important aspects of any modern hunting rifle. The RMS Wild introduces a newly developed two-position safety that directly blocks the firing pin, improving upon earlier Steyr systems. The rifle also features a separate bolt-release button, allowing hunters to safely unload the rifle while it remains on safe. Another safety feature is hidden inside the action itself. The three locking lugs engage directly into the barrel extension, and the firing pin is only released once the bolt is completely locked. “The overall safety philosophy reminds me of some of the best straight-pull rifles currently on the market,” David says. The Straight-Pull Action The Smoothest Straight-Pull Action We’ve Ever Tested Let’s be honest—everything about the RMS Wild revolves around its new straight-pull bolt system. And this is where the rifle truly shines. The action cycles with remarkable smoothness. After only a few repetitions, it already feels like a rifle you’ve owned for years. “This is probably the smoothest straight-pull action I’ve ever shot,” David says. Cycling the bolt requires very little effort, yet the system still feels solid, precise, and confidence-inspiring. Contrary to what many social media videos suggest, speed alone is not the rifle’s biggest selling point. “Hunters won’t buy the RMS Wild just because it’s a straight-pull rifle,” David says. “They’ll buy it because it’s a Steyr.” Monobloc Design Delivers Precision Like several other Steyr rifles, the RMS Wild utilizes the company’s proven Monobloc design. Barrel and receiver form a highly precise, rigid unit that minimizes tolerances and promotes consistent accuracy. The rifle comes standard with a Picatinny rail and an M15x1 muzzle thread. There is one detail David misses, however. “The famous Steyr hammer-forged barrel pattern is gone. That’s a shame because you could always recognize a Steyr from a distance by that distinctive look.” Range Performance For the range test, the RMS Wild was equipped with an Alpen Optics Apex XP 2.5-16x42 riflescope and an A-TEC H3 suppressor. Ammunition consisted of the new ODIN .308 Winchester hunting load. The results were impressive from the very first shots. The RMS Wild immediately produced tight groups and showed excellent consistency. “The accuracy is impressive,” David says. Even during faster shooting sequences, point of impact remained stable while the action continued to operate flawlessly. A Few Minor Criticisms No rifle is perfect. David would have preferred an aluminum trigger instead of the polymer version currently fitted to the rifle. The same applies to the magazine floorplate and trigger guard. “These are small details,” he says. “Functionally they work perfectly, but aluminum components would add an even greater sense of quality.” Fortunately, aftermarket upgrades will likely address those concerns in the near future. A Strong Statement from Austria With the RMS Wild, Steyr Arms has made an impressive entry into the modern straight-pull rifle market. The rifle successfully combines Austrian hunting tradition, modern engineering, outstanding safety, and excellent accuracy. Its exceptionally smooth action, thoughtful ergonomics, and proven field performance make it a serious competitor to rifles costing considerably more. Hunters looking for a modern straight-pull rifle while supporting Austrian craftsmanship should take a very close look at the RMS Wild. As David sums it up: “Steyr got a lot of things right here. The RMS Wild is light, accurate, safe, and simply fun to shoot. For me, it’s one of the most exciting new hunting rifles of the year.”

The signing of the agreement between the Austrian Wildlife Foundation and Unidata marked a major milestone for the future Austrian Wildlife Database. Pictured from left to right: Max Mayr-Melnhof, Chairman of the Austrian Wildlife Foundation and Salzburg State Hunting Director; Felix Kroismayr, Unidata Forestry and Hunting Information Systems; Nikolaus Pedarnig, Unidata Management; and Herbert Sieghartsleitner, Board Member of the Austrian Wildlife Foundation and Upper Austria State Hunting Director. Photo: Jagd Österreich What does the future of hunting look like in Austria? That question brought together some of the country’s leading hunting officials, wildlife scientists, digitalization experts, and conservation partners in Salzburg this spring. During the annual State Hunting Directors Conference and the subsequent Spring Delegates Conference organized by Jagd Österreich, participants explored the challenges and opportunities that will shape hunting in the years ahead. The agenda extended far beyond traditional hunting topics. Wildlife monitoring, scientific research, digital technologies, public outreach, and cooperation with other outdoor user groups dominated the discussions. Date Is Becoming Hunting's Most Important Tool The days when wildlife management decisions relied solely on experience and observation are long gone. Modern hunting increasingly depends on reliable data—and that is precisely where Austria’s new Wildlife Database comes into play. One of the conference’s most significant moments was the signing of a partnership agreement between the Austrian Wildlife Foundation and Unidata Geodesign GmbH, which will oversee the technical implementation of the nationwide project. The concept is both simple and groundbreaking: wildlife data collected throughout Austria will be systematically recorded, scientifically analyzed, and made available for wildlife management and conservation planning. Throughout the conference, one message was clear: Those who want to shape the future of hunting need solid facts to build upon. Coordination with all Austrian states is already underway. Existing databases are being evaluated and linked together, while a modern mapping platform is being developed to document the distribution of priority wildlife species across the country. For Austria’s hunting community, the project represents a major leap forward. As public debates surrounding wildlife, conservation, predators, and habitat management continue to grow, reliable data has never been more important. Wildlife Monitoring: The Foundation of Credibility Wildlife monitoring emerged as one of the conference’s central themes. The information collected by hunters today goes far beyond harvest reports and population estimates. These datasets form the basis for scientific studies, management decisions, and policy discussions concerning wildlife and habitat conservation. The importance of monitoring becomes especially apparent when dealing with controversial issues such as wolves, wildlife diseases, and the impacts of climate change. Austria’s hunters possess a wildlife data resource unlike almost any other in Europe. The challenge now is turning that wealth of information into an even more effective management tool. A New Hunting Director Joins the Team The conference also provided an opportunity to officially welcome Manfred Vonbank, who recently assumed the position of State Hunting Director of Vorarlberg. As a symbol of unity within Austria’s hunting community, Jagd Österreich President Anton Larcher presented Vonbank with the traditional Jagd Österreich jacket. The gesture reflected something that remains a defining characteristic of Austrian hunting: strong cooperation across regional boundaries. Digitaler Revierabend. Foto: Jagd Österreich Digital Habitat Assessment: Measuring a Hunting Area Objectively One of the most innovative presentations came from Dominik Dachs of Upper Austria’s “Alliance for Small Game” initiative. His team introduced a new digital habitat assessment platform designed to evaluate hunting areas using objective environmental criteria. What habitat structures exist within a hunting district? Where are weaknesses found? Which improvements could benefit small game populations? Rather than relying solely on personal impressions, hunters can increasingly use measurable data to answer these questions. The goal is straightforward: better habitat understanding leads to better habitat management. For small-game managers in particular, the new tool could become an invaluable asset. Hunting Needs Visibility Wolfgang Holzinger highlighted another important challenge facing modern hunting: public perception. Presenting the media platform 4ONE.TV, he emphasized the growing importance of video, documentary, and digital storytelling formats. Many members of the public remain unaware of the wide range of responsibilities hunters fulfill today—from wildlife monitoring and habitat enhancement to disease surveillance and conservation work. Modern media offers an opportunity to communicate these efforts more effectively and transparently than ever before. When Hunters and Paragliders Sit at the Same Table One of the conference’s most intriguing discussions focused on the relationship between hunting and outdoor recreation. Johannes M. Damisch of the Austrian Aero Club presented the Hike & Fly Initiative, which aims to improve communication between hunters and paragliding enthusiasts. The principle behind the initiative is simple: Most conflicts arise when people lack information. Future pilots will receive education about wildlife sanctuaries, sensitive habitats, and seasonal protection periods as part of their training. At the same time, direct communication channels between hunters and pilots will help address potential conflicts before they become problems. The initiative demonstrates that effective conservation often begins when different user groups talk with one another instead of about one another. Research for the Future of Wildlife Management A glimpse into the future of wildlife research came from FIWI Director Prof. Dr. Claudia Bieber. Through a new research grant program established by the Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology (FIWI), scientists are being supported in projects that provide valuable insights for wildlife conservation and management. Three research projects received funding: One investigates the social structures and survival strategies of gray partridges in agricultural landscapes. Another examines cross-border movements, health, and genetics of red deer populations. A third focuses on wildlife health, disease ecology, zoonotic diseases, and the effects of environmental change on wild animal populations. At the same time, FIWI’s research infrastructure continues to expand. A new state-of-the-art facility is currently under construction at the institute’s Wilhelminenberg campus in Vienna. The complex will include modern laboratories, genetics facilities, wildlife research units, and specialized experimental spaces. Completion is scheduled for 2028. Delegates Conference 2026 in Salzburg. Photo: Jagd Österreich The Future Will be Data-Driven The 2026 State Hunting Directors Conference made one thing abundantly clear: Hunting in Austria faces significant challenges—but also tremendous opportunities. Whether through the Wildlife Database, scientific research, digital habitat assessment, or new forms of public communication, hunting continues to evolve. Yet one principle remains unchanged. Responsible stewardship of wildlife and wildlife habitat remains at the heart of everything. The tools may change. The responsibility does not. And for that reason, Salzburg may one day be remembered as the place where important foundations were laid for the future of hunting in Austria.

A roe doe and her fawn photographed along a roadside. Why Hunters Trade Their Rifles for Binoculars. June is not a month for hunting—at least not the kind of hunting most people imagine. While autumn echoes with the crack of a rifle across the valleys and winter reveals tracks etched into fresh snow, June brings a different side of the hunting tradition. A quieter one. A more observant one. One that demands patience. These days, anyone walking through fields and forests at first light is often carrying no firearm at all. Instead, a pair of binoculars hangs ready across their chest. Because June is the season when nature opens the doors to its nursery. New life is everywhere. Where bare meadows stretched only weeks ago, tiny fawns now lie motionless in the tall grass. In the shadows of old spruce forests, red deer calves stay close to their mothers. Fox pups wrestle and play around their dens. Young hares sit among wildflowers while hawks circle high above. For many hunters, these are the most beautiful weeks of the year. Not because game is harvested. But because they become witnesses. The Miracle Hidden in the Grass It is a sight that never fails to move even the most experienced hunter. A roe deer fawn, barely larger than a house cat, lies curled up among the blades of a meadow. The white spots on its back look as though sunlight itself has been painted onto its coat. Spotting one requires a second glance. That is precisely the youngster’s survival strategy. During its first weeks of life, a fawn spends most of its time alone. The doe returns only to nurse it and otherwise stays away to avoid drawing predators to its hiding place. Instead of fleeing, the fawn relies on its natural camouflage. It presses itself deep into the grass and remains perfectly still. To hikers and passersby, it often appears abandoned. But nothing could be further from the truth. The mother is usually watching every movement from a safe distance. For hunters, this is also one of the most important times of the year. Together with farmers, they search meadows before mowing begins. Thermal drones fly over fields in the early morning hours. Volunteers comb through the grass looking for hidden young animals. Every rescued fawn is a small victory. And every year, thousands of young animals are saved from being killed by mowing equipment. A roe doe and her two fawns captured on a trail camera. The First Steps of Red Deer Calves While roe deer often live close to human settlements, the family life of red deer usually unfolds far from sight. Yet anyone scanning a sunny mountainside with binoculars at dawn still has a chance. Suddenly, they appear. Red deer calves with their light summer coats, still a bit uncertain on their long legs, standing close beside their mothers. For the first weeks of life, they remain hidden in thick cover. But as their confidence grows, so does their curiosity. They jump. They run. They stumble. They learn. Every rock becomes something to investigate. Every creek becomes a challenge. Every hillside becomes the first mountain adventure of their lives. To the observer, it often looks playful. In reality, it is the beginning of survival school. The Wild Has Young Ones Young fox pups guarded by the vixen outside the den. The predators are busy as well. Around many fox dens, the woods suddenly come alive with activity. Places that seemed deserted for most of the year now buzz with movement. The pups are venturing outside for the first time. They wrestle with one another, chase butterflies, and disappear underground in an instant whenever danger approaches. Anyone patient enough to remain still can witness scenes that look remarkably similar to puppies at play. But the idyllic picture is deceptive. Soon these young foxes must learn to find food on their own. The wild offers no kindergarten and no second chances. Perhaps that is why these carefree moments seem so precious. The Quiet Hours of a Hunter Many people associate hunting solely with harvesting game. But anyone accompanying a hunter in June will experience something entirely different. You sit in a stand and watch. You listen to the call of a cuckoo. You follow a doe through your binoculars as she leads her fawn across a forest opening for the very first time. You spot the year’s first young badger. You watch a fox carrying mice back to its pups. Entire evenings often pass without a single shot being fired. Yet hunters return home with unforgettable memories. Perhaps even richer than those from many successful days in the fall. Because the true fascination of hunting begins long before the trigger is pulled. It begins with understanding. A red deer hind with her calf photographed by a trail camera. Responsibility Over Trophies June reminds hunters why they carry responsibility for wildlife in the first place. This is the time when mineral licks are checked, habitat conditions are monitored, water sources are inspected, and wildlife cover is maintained. Now it becomes clear whether local populations are healthy and whether this year’s young are thriving. Every fawn, every calf, and every fox pup tells a story about the condition of the land. About harsh winters. About gentle springs. About food, cover, and security. Hunters who pay attention can see early signs of how wildlife populations are developing and what challenges may lie ahead. And perhaps that is the greatest lesson June has to offer: Sometimes the most rewarding days in the field are not measured by what is taken—but by what is observed.

Nearly 700 hunters gathered in the Möll Valley for the 77th Carinthian Hunters’ Convention. (Photo: Carinthian Hunting Association) When hunters from across Carinthia come together, the conversation is no longer limited to harvest quotas, hunting traditions, or organizational matters. Instead, it centers on some of the most pressing questions facing wildlife management today: How do we coexist with the return of large predators? How do we protect alpine grazing lands and livestock? What role does hunting play in landscapes increasingly shaped by climate change, natural disasters, and shifting public expectations? Those questions took center stage at the 77th Annual Convention of the Carinthian Hunting Association, held on June 20 in Mühldorf, Austria. Around 270 delegates and officials gathered to help shape the future of hunting in one of Europe’s most game-rich alpine regions. Hunting Is Becoming More Complex Carinthia’s Chief Huntsman Walter Brunner (Photo: Carinthian Hunting Association) The days when hunters focused solely on game management and harvesting wildlife are long gone. Today, Carinthia’s hunters are involved in a wide range of responsibilities that extend far beyond traditional hunting. Wildlife monitoring, disease surveillance, habitat conservation, crop and forest damage prevention, and predator management have become part of everyday life in the field. Carinthian Chief Huntsman Dr. Walter Brunner emphasized just how dramatically conditions have changed in recent years. “Wolves, golden jackals, and natural disasters are fundamentally changing our hunting grounds. The challenge is preserving our traditions while adapting to a new reality,” Brunner said. And that reality is becoming increasingly apparent. As wolf and golden jackal populations continue to expand across the Alps, farmers and livestock producers face mounting challenges. At the same time, storms, bark beetle infestations, and extreme weather events are reshaping forests and the habitats that support native wildlife. Wolf Management Takes Center Stage Few topics currently generate more discussion among Carinthia’s hunters than the return of the wolf. Experience from recent years has shown that maintaining alpine livestock grazing without an effective wolf management strategy is becoming increasingly difficult. Martin Gruber, Deputy Governor of Carinthia and the state’s hunting representative, highlighted the critical role hunters play in the process. “Only through the responsible cooperation of our hunters can wolf management regulations and livestock protection laws fulfill their intended purpose,” Gruber said. Hunters serve as the backbone of the monitoring effort. They document sightings, collect genetic samples, assist authorities in evaluating livestock depredation cases, and provide crucial field data used in management decisions. Without that information, targeted and science-based management would be nearly impossible. The Invisible Work Behind the Scenes Hunting Heritage and Tradition (Photo: Carinthian Hunting Association) While predator management often attracts headlines, much of the hunting community’s most important work happens quietly in the background. Carinthia’s hunters operate extensive wildlife monitoring programs, tracking population trends, documenting diseases, and gathering valuable data for researchers and wildlife managers. As public debates surrounding wildlife continue to grow, science-based information has never been more important. These monitoring efforts provide the foundation for wildlife management decisions and allow authorities to identify emerging challenges before they become major problems. The volunteer work performed by thousands of hunters represents an enormous reservoir of knowledge that benefits scientists, government agencies, and policymakers alike. A Strong Voice in Vienna One of the highlights of the convention was a presentation by Jörg Binder, Managing Director of Hunting Austria, the national umbrella organization representing hunters throughout the country. Binder emphasized the growing importance of advocacy at the federal level. Many decisions affecting hunting today are no longer made solely within Austria’s provinces. Issues such as wolf management, conservation law, wildlife monitoring, and European Union regulations impact hunting organizations across the country. For Carinthia, maintaining a strong voice in Vienna has become increasingly important. Open Discussion Instead of Stagnation Following the presentations, delegates engaged in an extensive discussion on current issues affecting hunting and wildlife management. Under the moderation of Kerstin De Piero, participants exchanged views on challenges within local hunting districts, cooperation with agriculture and forestry, and the future direction of the hunting association. This direct dialogue remains one of the convention’s greatest strengths—bringing together practical field experience, political decision-makers, and scientific expertise under one roof. Officials and elected representatives of the Carinthian Hunting Association gathered during the 77th Annual Carinthian Hunters’ Convention in Mühldorf. (Photo: Carinthian Hunting Association) Tradition Remains Strong Despite the focus on future challenges, there was still room for what has always been at the heart of hunting culture: community, tradition, and respect. Long-serving members were honored for their dedication to hunting and wildlife conservation. Traditional hunting horn ensembles from Drautalklang, Flattach, and Maltatal, together with the Choir of the Carinthian Hunting Association, provided a fitting ceremonial backdrop. It was a worthy conclusion to a convention that delivered one clear message: Hunting in Carinthia faces significant challenges—but it also possesses the people, expertise, and organizational strength needed to meet them. Or, as Chief Huntsman Walter Brunner summarized: “The Carinthian Hunting Association is well prepared for the future.”

It is grazing that makes alpine pastures some of the most biodiverse habitats in the Alps. When most people think of an alpine pasture, they picture blooming mountain meadows, grazing cattle, and rustic mountain huts. For hunters, however, these high-elevation landscapes are far more than postcard scenery. They are among the most biodiverse habitats in the Alps—and habitats that are increasingly under pressure. “Without grazing livestock, large portions of our alpine pastures would become overgrown with shrubs and eventually return to forest within a few decades,” says Josef Obweger, chairman of the Carinthian Alpine Farming Association. What may seem like a purely agricultural issue is, in reality, a conservation issue that affects countless wildlife species—from chamois and roe deer to black grouse, mountain hares, marmots, and Alpine ibex. In other words, it affects hunters as well. Alpine Pastures Are Not Wilderness EOne common misconception persists: many people view alpine pastures as untouched wilderness. In reality, they are cultural landscapes that have been shaped and maintained by humans for centuries. Cattle, horses, sheep, goats—and increasingly even llamas—keep these areas open. They prevent dwarf shrubs, alder thickets, and eventually forests from reclaiming mountain meadows. The consequences of abandoning grazing are already visible in many regions. Where livestock disappear, open habitats quickly begin to vanish. What may appear to be “more nature” often means the loss of critical wildlife habitat. When Alpine Pastures Disappear, Wildlife Suffers Red stags and grazing livestock frequently coexist on alpine pastures, making use of the same productive summer range. For many hoofed game species, structurally diverse alpine meadows are vital. Chamois rely on open mountain grasslands as feeding areas. Roe deer thrive along the transition zones between forests and meadows, where food is abundant and varied. Even red deer benefit from the nutrient-rich summer forage found on alpine pastures. The loss of open landscapes would be especially devastating for species that depend on semi-open habitats. Black grouse require a mosaic of dwarf-shrub heath, grazed meadows, and lightly wooded areas. Marmots depend on clear sightlines to detect predators at a distance. Many rare alpine plants are also directly linked to grazing. “Some species still exist today only because alpine pastures continue to be actively managed,” Obweger explains. Nature's Most Underrated Land Managers Without goats, many alpine meadows would gradually disappear. Their constant browsing keeps shrubs and young trees in check, preserving the open habitats that so many wildlife species depend on. Many hunters are surprised to learn that not all grazing animals play the same role. Cattle primarily consume grasses. Horses feed on many plants that cattle avoid. Goats, meanwhile, are specialists when it comes to preventing encroachment by brush and young trees. They readily browse alder, willow, and other woody vegetation, slowing the natural succession that would otherwise turn meadows back into forest. Even llamas—often regarded as little more than a curiosity—have proven useful on some alpine pastures. In parts of Austria, they are intentionally used to control invasive or problematic vegetation. The result is a diverse landscape with a wide range of habitat structures—exactly the kind of diversity that wildlife depends on. Biodiversity Hotspots in the Alps Many rare alpine flowers thrive only where regular grazing occurs. Species such as alpine rose, arnica, and gentians benefit from open ground and the disturbance created by livestock. In turn, numerous insects depend on these plants, creating a complex ecological network. What hikers see as a beautiful wildflower meadow is, for wildlife, an incredibly rich and dynamic ecosystem. Scientific studies consistently show that actively managed alpine pastures rank among the most species-rich habitats in Central Europe. How Wolves Are Changing the Landscape Wolf warning signs are appearing on more and more alpine grazing areas across the Alps. The return of large predators is becoming an increasingly important issue across many alpine regions. Farmers report that cattle often change their behavior after encounters with wolves. Livestock become more vigilant, gather in tighter groups, and show stronger protective instincts toward calves. From a wildlife management perspective, this so-called “landscape of fear” effect is particularly fascinating. It influences not only livestock but may also affect the movement patterns and habitat use of wild animals. Researchers are only beginning to understand how significant these long-term changes may become. Hunters Need Alpine Farmers For many Austrian hunters, few experiences compare to hunting the high alpine pastures. These open mountain landscapes offer not only unforgettable hunting opportunities but also a deep connection to centuries of alpine tradition and wildlife conservation. For many hunters, the magic of mountain hunting begins where open alpine meadows blend into rocky slopes, dwarf pine stands, and dark forests. Yet this diverse landscape is anything but natural in the modern sense. It exists because generations of alpine farmers have maintained it. When alpine pastures are abandoned, more than livestock disappear. Hunters lose visibility, feeding areas, wildlife habitat, and ultimately a piece of alpine heritage. Anyone who values mountain hunting should recognize alpine farming as an indispensable partner in wildlife conservation. The truth is simple: without alpine farmers, many of the landscapes we now consider classic hunting country would have disappeared long ago.

HEP Carbon founder Christian Fleischhacker in his workshop with the high-end carbon shooting stick “Ultimate Flexible!” Morning fog drifts through the spruce forests of Austria’s Flattnitz plateau. At more than 4,500 feet above sea level, where red stags and Alpine chamois are part of everyday life, innovative hunting gear is taking shape far from any corporate headquarters. There are no sterile research labs here. No marketing departments. No focus groups. Just a workshop, a mountain hunter, and a relentless drive to build better equipment. Christian Fleischhacker greets us with a firm handshake. The 35-year-old engineer, mountain hunter, and lifelong tinkerer spends much of his time in the rugged terrain of the Austrian Alps. Not surprisingly, that’s exactly where his ideas are born. “Many products today are designed on a computer,” Fleischhacker says while picking up one of his carbon shooting sticks. “Mine are developed in the mountains.” His company, HEP Carbon—short for High End Precision Carbon—has grown from a personal passion project into a brand whose products are now used by mountain hunters around the world. The Pursuit of the Perfect Shot Like many great ideas, it all started with a problem. As a young boy, Fleischhacker often accompanied his uncle on hunting trips. Long before shooting sticks became common, his uncle relied on them to ensure stable shooting positions and ethical kills. “He always said that a safe, accurate shot is the foundation of ethical hunting.” Later, Fleischhacker began hunting with traditional wooden shooting sticks. While functional, they never fully satisfied him. “Wood has its limits. It’s heavier, noisier, and less rigid.” Carbon: Fleischhacker’s Material of Choice Thanks to his academic background in wood and natural fiber technology, he understood the potential of advanced materials. It quickly became clear that if maximum stiffness and minimum weight were the goal, carbon fiber was the answer. So he started experimenting. His first prototypes were little more than simple carbon tubes. Countless tests followed as he refined wall thicknesses, fiber types, and connection systems. Today, HEP Carbon products use high-strength carbon fiber with wall thicknesses ranging from 1.5 to 2.2 millimeters, depending on the application. One challenge stood out above all others: noise. Mountain hunters know that every sound matters. While carbon can sometimes produce a sharp, hollow noise, Fleischhacker developed specialized coverings that make his sticks remarkably quiet while also improving grip and comfort during cold-weather hunts. From Shooting Stick to Mountain Staff Fleischhacker shows us his high-end carbon shooting stick, the “Ultralight Silent.” Inside his workshop, Fleischhacker shows us two of his flagship products: the Ultralight Silent and the Ultimate Flexible. Designed as both trekking staffs and shooting supports, they serve two critical purposes in mountain hunting: helping hunters navigate difficult terrain and providing a stable shooting platform when the moment of truth arrives. The most intriguing feature of the Ultimate Flexible is its optional fifth leg. t first glance, it seems unusual. In the field, however, it proves to be a brilliant solution. The additional carbon support attaches via a neodymium magnetic system and creates an exceptionally stable shooting position. “If speed is critical, I leave the fifth leg packed away,” Fleischhacker explains. “For longer shots, I can attach it in seconds.” Additional features include tungsten tips for rocky terrain, silent polymer tips for stalking hunts, and multiple length and breakdown options. The Austrian innovator also produces mountain staffs in two-piece, three-piece, and even hybrid configurations that combine trekking poles and hunting staffs into a single system. The Austrian innovator shows us his mountain staffs, available in two-piece and three-piece versions, as well as an innovative hybrid model that combines trekking poles and a traditional mountain hunting staff in one versatile system. When Every Ounce Matters After spending time in Fleischhacker’s workshop, one thing becomes obvious: Everything revolves around reducing weight. His mountain staffs are built from ultra-high-strength carbon blanks featuring wall thicknesses up to 2.2 millimeters. Titanium and aerospace-grade 7075 aluminum are used wherever maximum durability is required. The goal is simple: maximum strength with minimum weight. Perhaps no product reflects that philosophy better than the Sherpa Carbon Pack Frame. For years, Fleischhacker searched for a load-hauling system that met the demands of modern mountain hunters. Traditional wooden frames were too heavy. Aluminum models weren’t much better. So he designed his own. The result is an ultralight carbon pack frame featuring heavy-duty padding, modular storage options, and a load-carrying system optimized for hauling game meat. Unlike many conventional pack frames, harvested game can be carried horizontally, keeping the weight closer to the hunter’s center of gravity. “When you’re packing out game or hauling mineral blocks into the mountains, you immediately notice how important weight distribution really is,” he says. Backpacks Built for Mountain Hunting The same philosophy carries over into HEP Carbon’s backpacks. The larger Gladiator 46L and the smaller Light Pack were specifically designed for mountain hunting applications. Both are fully compatible with the Sherpa frame and feature innovative rifle-carry systems. The rifle can be carried either centered or offset and can be deployed with a single motion. Perhaps most impressively, the packs remain fully accessible even while a rifle is secured. Bright orange interiors make gear easy to locate during low-light conditions, a practical detail appreciated by hunters who often find themselves hiking before dawn or after sunset. HEP Carbon Elite Hunter Carbon Hunting Knife Knives for Minimalists Even HEP Carbon’s knives reflect Fleischhacker’s obsession with weight savings. The Elite Hunter and Ultralight models feature premium Böhler steels, carbon fiber handle scales, and minimalist construction. Complementing the knives is a purpose-built bone saw featuring a titanium frame and K390 steel blade. The design philosophy remains consistent throughout the lineup: Use only as much material as necessary—and not a gram more. Developed in the Field By the end of our visit, it becomes clear why HEP Carbon products feel different. They are not born from market research or trend forecasts. They are born from experience. Every product begins with a problem encountered during real hunts and is refined through extensive field use in the Austrian Alps. “I’m a hunter, a mountain hunter, and a tinkerer,” Fleischhacker says with a smile. “I enjoy solving problems.” That mindset can be seen in every product HEP Carbon builds. More than just a manufacturer of lightweight hunting equipment, HEP Carbon represents a philosophy: gear should earn its place in the mountains through performance, not marketing. From shooting sticks and pack frames to backpacks and knives, one common thread runs through the entire lineup—uncompromising functionality, real-world practicality, and a relentless pursuit of improvement. And that is exactly what makes HEP Carbon one of the most exciting hunting gear innovations currently emerging from the Austrian Alps.

Wild boar hunting is widely considered the ultimate challenge in nighttime hunting—and one of the most important wildlife management tools available to modern hunters. Wild boar hunting is often considered the ultimate challenge of nighttime hunting. It demands patience, skill, and a deep understanding of one of the smartest game animals on the planet. For Eric Leitner, Wild Boar Coordinator of the Carinthian Hunters Association in Austria, the challenge goes far beyond filling a tag. Effective boar management has become a critical tool in preventing the spread of African Swine Fever (ASF), a disease that continues to move closer to Austria’s borders. Leitner spoke with Schuss & Stille about how hunters in the Austrian Alps successfully pursue wild boar, why thermal and night vision technology are legally permitted, and the ten mistakes that can ruin a hunt. Eric Leitner serves as the Wild Boar Coordinator for the Carinthian Hunters Association. The New Kings of the Mountains Just a few decades ago, wild boar were considered rare in the Austrian province of Carinthia. Today, approximately 700 animals are harvested annually, and populations continue to expand. Perhaps most surprising is where they’re showing up. “Wild boar are increasingly moving into high-elevation alpine grazing areas,” says Leitner. “We’re finding them in places where hunters never expected to see them before.” While harvest numbers have recently declined slightly across Austria, wild boar remain one of the country’s most challenging and important game species. The reason is simple: African Swine Fever. The disease is currently only about 150 kilometers from Austria’s border. While harmless to humans, ASF is nearly always fatal to both domestic and wild pigs. “A low-density wild boar population is one of the best defenses against a potential outbreak,” Leitner explains. Why Austrian Hunters Use Thermal and Night Vision Since 2021, hunters in Carinthia have been legally allowed to use thermal imaging and night vision equipment for wild boar hunting. According to Leitner, the technology has dramatically improved both effectiveness and ethics. “Modern thermal and night vision systems significantly reduce mistakes.” At night, hunters can better identify the social structure of a sounder and avoid shooting breeding or nursing sows. However, the technology comes with strict regulations. Hunters must complete a mandatory training course covering legal requirements, field application, and equipment handling. “Technology never replaces the hunter,” says Leitner. “It simply helps us make better decisions.” The 10 Biggest Wild Boar Hunting Mistakes Mistake 1: Using Corn Instead of Strategy Many hunters react to boar activity by immediately putting out corn. Leitner believes that’s the wrong approach. “The most important tool in wild boar hunting is communication.” Sharing information with neighboring hunters, identifying travel routes, and coordinating hunting efforts are far more effective than relying solely on bait. Mistake 2: Leaving the Stand Too Early Patience kills more boars than any caliber. Just because a sounder appeared at 10 p.m. yesterday doesn’t mean they’ll follow the same schedule tonight. “The most important quality of a wild boar hunter is patience.” Mistake 3: Ignoring the Wind Wild boar possess an extraordinary sense of smell. One bad wind shift can send an entire sounder melting back into the darkness before the hunter ever knows they were there. Mistake 4: Shooting the Wrong Animal Harvesting a lead sow is one of the biggest mistakes a hunter can make. Leitner’s rule is straightforward: “If you harvest the smallest piglet, you’ll almost never make a management mistake.” Young animals, especially females, play a critical role in population control strategies. Mistake 5: Focusing Only on Big Boars Every hunter dreams of a massive tusker. But when it comes to population management, piglets and younger animals are often far more important. Hunters who focus exclusively on trophies may miss the real objective. Mistake 6: Failing to Master the Technology Thermal optics and night vision are powerful tools. They’re not magic. Without proper training and experience, hunters can still misidentify animals and make poor decisions. Mistake 7: Poor Shot Placement Wild boar are tough animals. Leitner recommends broadside shots placed directly behind the shoulder. “Wild boar hunting is no place for experimentation.” Mistake 8: Tracking Too Soon Even a mortally hit boar can cover significant ground. Pushing the animal immediately after the shot often makes recovery far more difficult. Mistake 9: Underestimating Wounded Boars An injured boar is a serious adversary. “Wild boar injure hunters every year.” Recovery work should be left to experienced trackers and well-trained dogs whenever possible. Mistake 10: Ignoring African Swine Fever Wild boar hunting is no longer just about producing excellent table fare. Every responsibly managed population helps reduce the risk of a devastating ASF outbreak. Kings of the Night Wild Boar Expert Eric Leitner Despite the challenges they create, Leitner warns against viewing wild boar as pests. “Some people would like to eradicate them entirely. That’s completely wrong.” For him, wild boar remain an essential part of Europe’s wildlife heritage and biodiversity. The goal is not elimination, but responsible management. Perhaps that’s what makes hunting them so addictive. Their intelligence. Their adaptability. Their ability to outsmart even experienced hunters. “Sometimes I feel the pigs are smarter than we are.” Anyone who has watched a sounder emerge silently from the darkness and disappear just as quickly understands why wild boar hunting remains the ultimate challenge of the night.

A Growing Conflict Between Hunters, Recreationists, and Landowners in Austria’s Mountains Across Austria, growing pressure from recreation, forestry, and hunting is reshaping the last remaining refuges of mountain wildlife. The mountain biker is frustrated by the hunter driving a pickup truck up a forest road. The hunter is frustrated by the mountain biker riding through the hunting area at dusk. The landowner doesn’t understand either of them—after all, it’s his road. And the hiker wonders why he should be the one expected to make compromises. The interesting part? They all have a point. That’s exactly why discussions about forest roads have become so emotional. These debates are no longer about gravel roads winding through the woods. They’re about something much deeper: property rights, personal freedom, conservation, and the human tendency to view our own perspective as the only reasonable one. The Center of Our Own World Psychologists call it self-serving bias. People naturally see their own interests as justified while viewing the interests of others as inconvenient or unreasonable. Few places in the Alps illustrate this phenomenon better than a forest road. Originally, these roads were never intended for recreation. They were built to transport timber, manage alpine pastures, and provide access to hunting grounds. Today, they serve as hiking trails, mountain bike routes, emergency access roads, workplaces, and gateways into nature—all at the same time. Austria’s mountains and forests are crisscrossed by an enormous network of roads originally designed for practical purposes, not recreation. The Hidden Highways of the Mountains With approximately 135,000 miles (218,000 kilometers) of forest roads, Austria possesses one of the densest networks in Europe. For many people, these roads have become the front door to the mountains. The rise of e-mountain bikes has accelerated that transformation dramatically. Where only a handful of hikers once traveled, a wide variety of users now share the same landscape. Foresters inspect bark beetle damage. Farmers haul supplies to remote alpine huts. Hunters monitor wildlife movements. At the same time, hikers and cyclists are searching for adventure, exercise, and solitude. The problem isn’t that one group is right and another is wrong. The problem is that everyone is using the same space—but for very different reasons. To hunters, forest roads are tools and access routes. To mountain bikers, they’re a pathway to freedom and exploration. To landowners, they’re private infrastructure. To hikers, they’re simply part of the natural landscape. Conflict becomes inevitable when expectations collide. When Wildlife Starts Moving Away Schwammerln-Klauber bewegen sich oft mitten durch die Ruheräume der Wildtiere The consequences become especially visible during the most sensitive times of day. Early mornings and late evenings are exactly when deer, red stags, and chamois become active. Not coincidentally, those are also the hours when many people seek peace and solitude in the mountains. For wildlife, however, increased human activity often means increased stress. Studies have shown that animals increasingly retreat into more remote cover and shift their activity patterns to avoid human encounters. Hunters and wildlife biologists in heavily visited regions report a similar trend: game animals are seeking refuge in places where people rarely venture. As recreation expands, secure habitat shrinks. Disturbance increases. And true quiet becomes harder to find. The Search for Freedom At the same time, simple blame doesn’t solve anything. The mountains attract people today for the same reasons they always have. Whether hunter, hiker, biker, or forester, most are searching for remarkably similar things: nature, peace, and a sense of freedom. The mountain biker wants to escape daily life. The hiker seeks solitude. The hunter hopes for meaningful encounters with wildlife. The forester works to ensure the future of the forest. Their motivations may be more alike than many realize. More Than Just a Road Perhaps that’s why a forest road is far more than a strip of gravel through the woods. It has become a place where different visions of nature collide. It reveals how differently people experience the same landscape—and how difficult it has become to balance individual desires with collective responsibility. Because in the end, every forest road raises the same question: Who Owns the Silence? How much of nature do we want to use? And how much are we willing to leave for others—including wildlife? The future of mountain landscapes may not be decided on summits, in government offices, or at political conferences. It may be decided on a simple forest road somewhere between the valley floor and an alpine meadow. A place where people meet every day—and where each of them believes they’re in the right.

David tested the Steel Action Hunter Short Synthetic for Schuss & Stille. The straight-pull rifle market has become increasingly competitive over the past decade. For years, the Blaser R8 dominated the category and was widely regarded as the benchmark for modern straight-pull hunting rifles. But today, several manufacturers are challenging that status quo with their own interpretations of the concept. One of them is Steel Action, a German rifle maker that has built a reputation for producing rugged, no-nonsense hunting rifles designed for real-world field use. For Schuss & Stille, gunsmith and hunting expert David from Alpen Adria Jagd in Austria put the Steel Action Hunter Short Synthetic through its paces. Beyond pure accuracy, the goal was to answer a more important question: How does the rifle perform in everyday hunting situations, and how does it compare to the closely related AE Precision Hunter Success Fix? Built for the Field, Not the Gun Safe The first thing you notice when picking up the Steel Action is that it wasn’t designed to be a lightweight showpiece. This is a working rifle. The black synthetic stock feels extremely durable and ready for years of hard use. Rain, snow, scratches, mud, and rough handling are unlikely to bother it. Rubberized grip inserts provide excellent control, even with wet hands or gloves. The stock features a slight right-hand bias, making it primarily suited for right-handed shooters. Left-handed hunters will need to look at other models within the Steel Action lineup. An adjustable cheekpiece isn’t included from the factory, but the stock design allows for aftermarket upgrades such as a Kalix adjustable comb. Gunsmith David was particularly impressed by the smooth straight-pull action and intuitive manual cocking system. The Star of the Show: The Straight-Pull Action The true strength of the Steel Action lies in its action. The rifle uses a rotating bolt head that locks automatically as the bolt is pushed forward. This design combines the strength and safety of a traditional bolt-action lockup with the speed advantages of a straight-pull system. During testing, the action stood out immediately. The bolt cycles exceptionally smoothly, quietly, and with very little effort. Both the receiver and bolt are nitrocarburized, improving surface hardness, corrosion resistance, and overall slickness. David was particularly impressed. “The bolt travel is phenomenal. Extremely smooth, very quiet, and incredibly fast.” That speed becomes especially valuable during driven hunts, follow-up shots, or tracking wounded game where every second counts. Manual Cocking: Safe and Practical Like many premium European hunting rifles, the Steel Action uses a manual cocking system. The cocking slider operates with minimal effort and can be engaged almost silently while keeping the rifle shouldered. Decocking is equally quiet. This system offers an additional layer of safety, but it also demands responsible gun handling. When the rifle is cocked, it is ready to fire. There is no traditional safety lever serving as a backup. As with all manual-cocking rifles, the shooter’s discipline remains the most important safety mechanism. Steel Magazine, Not Plastic Another detail that impressed during testing was the magazine. The detachable steel magazine holds five rounds, allowing a total capacity of 5+1. The follower is made from polymer, reducing both weight and noise during feeding. The magazine release and trigger guard are machined from metal—features that many hunters still appreciate in a market increasingly dominated by polymer components. A Trigger Done Right The trigger can be adjusted from approximately 1.1 to 5.5 pounds (500–2,500 grams). More importantly, it feels exceptionally well positioned. The trigger sits relatively far to the rear, making it comfortable even for shooters with smaller hands. In practical shooting, it broke cleanly with a crisp and predictable release. Exactly what you want from a hunting rifle. Weight: A Deliberate Choice At roughly 8 to 8.5 pounds bare rifle weight, the Hunter Short Synthetic isn’t competing with ultralight mountain rifles. And that’s intentional. While modern carbon-fiber hunting rifles often weigh under seven pounds, Steel Action has chosen stability over chasing the lightest possible number on a spec sheet. The benefits are obvious: Excellent balance Stable shooting characteristics Reduced felt recoil Outstanding durability Hunters climbing steep alpine terrain every day will certainly notice the extra weight. For stand hunting, driven hunts, predator control, or tracking work, however, many hunters will actually appreciate the added mass. David compares the Steel Action with the nearly identical AE Precision Hunter Success, which is manufactured in Slovakia. Comparing It to the AE Precision Hunter Success During the review, David also compared the Steel Action to the AE Precision Hunter Success Fix, a rifle manufactured in Slovakia. Mechanically, the two rifles share many similarities. The action design, manual cocking system, and magazine concept are nearly identical. The most noticeable difference lies in the stock. The AE Precision features a thumbhole stock, while the Steel Action uses a more traditional hunting stock. According to David, the advantage of a thumbhole stock is often overstated on straight-pull rifles. Left: Steel Action Hunter Short Synthetic. Right: AE Precision Hunter Success Fix. “With a straight-pull action, your shooting hand has to move during cycling anyway. The speed advantage of a thumbhole stock is much smaller than many hunters think.” Modern pistol grip stock designs achieve nearly the same ergonomic benefits while maintaining greater versatility. His conclusion: “You don’t necessarily need a thumbhole stock on a straight-pull rifle. The Hunter cycles extremely fast and feels excellent in the hand.” David behind the AE Precision Hunter Success Fix during testing. Accuracy on the Range The test rifle was chambered in .308 Winchester and equipped with a 20.5-inch (52 cm) barrel. For ammunition, David selected the new Norma Oryx Odin 162-grain lead-free load. The results were promising from the start. After only a few rounds and minor sight adjustments, the rifle consistently produced tight hunting-grade groups. More importantly, it showed immediate compatibility with the chosen ammunition. No alternative loads were required. As every experienced rifle shooter knows, barrel preferences vary, and another rifle may favor a different load. Still, the Steel Action demonstrated excellent accuracy potential right out of the box. Final Thoughts The Steel Action Hunter Short Synthetic isn’t a trendy social media rifle built around carbon fiber and marketing buzzwords. It’s a serious hunting tool. The buttery-smooth straight-pull action, well-designed manual cocking system, robust construction, and excellent build quality make it a legitimate competitor to significantly more expensive rifles on today’s market. Hunters looking for a dependable straight-pull rifle that prioritizes function, speed, and durability over gimmicks should take a close look at the Steel Action. As David summed it up: “It may not be the lightest rifle available, but it’s honestly built, extremely reliable, and shoots exceptionally well. That’s exactly what hunters expect from a true working rifle.”

Climate change—and especially rising summer temperatures—is putting increasing pressure on Europe’s roe deer populations. When hunters talk about climate change, the conversation usually revolves around drought, bark beetle outbreaks, dying forests, or changing habitat conditions. Far less attention is paid to another important question: What happens to the wildlife living in those landscapes? The reality is that climate change isn’t just reshaping forests and fields—it is also altering the conditions under which wild animals survive and thrive. Few species illustrate this better than the roe deer. Known as one of Europe’s most adaptable big-game animals, roe deer can be found almost everywhere: in river valleys, agricultural landscapes, vineyards, dense forests, and high alpine environments. Their ability to occupy such diverse habitats has long been one of their greatest strengths. Yet hunters and wildlife biologists alike are beginning to notice that even roe deer are not immune to change. Are Roe Deer Benefiting from Climate Change? At first glance, the answer might seem to be yes. Spring arrives noticeably earlier today than it did just a few decades ago. Vegetation greens up sooner, meadows reach peak productivity earlier, and food resources become available weeks ahead of historical norms. For roe deer does, this appears beneficial. During pregnancy, nutritious forage is abundant, and young fawns are often born into landscapes rich in food. But nature rarely offers simple answers. The reproductive cycle of roe deer follows an ancient biological rhythm. Thanks to a phenomenon known as delayed implantation, embryo development is postponed for several months, ensuring that fawns are typically born in May or June. While plant growth continues shifting earlier each year, the timing of fawn births remains largely unchanged. Some wildlife researchers believe this growing mismatch could eventually affect fawn development and survival. When Summer Becomes a Stress Test Roe buck standing at the edge of a forest during the early summer months. For generations, harsh winters were considered the greatest challenge facing roe deer. Today, many biologists are focusing on something different: heat. Across Europe, hunters increasingly report that roe deer become less visible during prolonged heat waves. Activity shifts toward dawn, dusk, and nighttime hours, while daytime is spent in shady cover, moist drainages, dense thickets, or along forest edges. For hunters, that often means fewer sightings and more challenging hunting conditions. For the deer themselves, these behavioral changes are essential for survival. Extreme heat increases physiological stress while simultaneously reducing the quality of available forage. Why Quality Browse Is Becoming Harder to Find Unlike red deer or chamois, roe deer are highly selective feeders. They are browsers rather than grazers, preferring nutrient-rich shoots, buds, herbs, and young vegetation. Unfortunately, many of these high-quality food sources are particularly vulnerable to drought. As meadows dry out and herbaceous plants wither earlier in the season, roe deer increasingly turn to young trees and woody vegetation for nutrition. This shift could also increase browsing pressure on regenerating forests—a topic already generating considerable debate among foresters and wildlife managers. Will Tomorrow's Bucks Carry Smaller Antlers? Strong body, modest antlers. Trophy size does not always reflect a buck’s overall health or age. This is perhaps the question that captures hunters’ attention most. Could climate change eventually affect antler development? Strong antlers are influenced by many factors, including genetics, age, nutrition, and overall habitat quality. A buck can only express the genetic potential that its environment allows. This is where some wildlife biologists see cause for concern. If drought reduces the availability of protein-rich plants and critical minerals during a deer’s early development, it may ultimately influence body growth and antler formation. In parts of Europe, researchers have already observed links between prolonged drought, lower body weights, and weaker antler characteristics. Austrian hunters frequently report similar observations after exceptionally dry years. Bucks often appear lighter and may carry less impressive headgear than expected. Harvested roe buck from an alpine hunting area. Scientific proof remains difficult, however. Population density, genetics, age structure, habitat conditions, and harvest management all play significant roles. Still, the discussion raises an interesting possibility. For decades, large antlers have been viewed as a symbol of a healthy buck and a well-managed hunting property. In a future shaped by drought, extreme weather, and changing habitats, antler quality may increasingly reflect habitat quality as much as individual genetics. Small Parasites, Big Consequences Climate change affects more than forage. Milder winters and longer growing seasons create ideal conditions for ticks, mosquitoes, and other parasites. Many hunters already report significantly higher tick densities than they experienced a generation ago. At the same time, diseases and parasites previously uncommon in Central Europe may continue expanding their range. While many of these developments are still being studied, one fact is already clear: as the climate changes, so do the ecosystems roe deer depend upon. Roe Deer Can Adapt - But They Have Limits Despite these challenges, roe deer may remain one of the most successful wildlife species in Europe. Milder winters reduce energy demands and make food easier to access. Their remarkable adaptability allows them to exploit new habitats and adjust to changing conditions more effectively than many other species. But adaptability does not mean invincibility. The Mature Six-Pointer and a New Reality Strong six-point roe buck in summer coat. Perhaps roe deer will still be among Europe’s most common big-game species a century from now. Perhaps hunters will continue stalking velvet-free summer bucks in the first light of dawn. The more important question may be whether we are willing to recognize that not only nature is changing—but also our understanding of wildlife, habitat management, and hunting itself. Climate change is unlikely to eliminate roe deer from the landscape. But it may change how they live, how they grow, and how we judge them. One day, the size of a buck’s antlers may tell us less about the deer itself and more about the quality of the habitat that produced it. And that may be a lesson worth more than any trophy score.

It was the knife that helped turn humans into one of evolution’s greatest success stories. A knife is far more than a cutting tool. Long before rifles, bows, fishing hooks, or even the wheel, there was the blade. It is one of the few objects that has accompanied mankind through every stage of civilization, from the earliest hunter-gatherers to modern-day hunters, outdoorsmen, and craftsmen. Few tools have shaped human history as profoundly as the knife. In fact, many anthropologists argue that it was the development of cutting tools that transformed our ancestors from vulnerable primates into one of the most successful species ever to walk the Earth. And despite all the technological advances of the modern age, the fascination remains. Perhaps that is why custom knife maker Thomas Schurian, a craftsman from Austria’s southern province of Carinthia, has dedicated his life to creating blades that combine ancient tradition with modern metallurgy. What began as a passion eventually became his profession. To understand the appeal of Schurian’s knives, however, one must first understand the remarkable story of the knife itself. by Michael Baumgartner The oldest known cutting tools are believed to be approximately 2.5 million years old and are commonly attributed to Homo habilis—the “handy man.” These primitive stone implements marked a turning point in human development. Unlike predators equipped with claws, fangs, speed, or immense physical strength, early humans possessed few natural advantages. What they lacked physically, however, they compensated for through intelligence and innovation. By intentionally creating a sharp cutting edge from stone, our ancestors gained the ability to process meat efficiently, split bones to access nutrient-rich marrow, and utilize animal resources that would otherwise have remained inaccessible. For the first time, early humans could extract significantly more calories from their environment. Many researchers believe this nutritional advantage contributed directly to the development of larger brains and increasingly complex societies. Among the most iconic tools of prehistory was the hand axe. Crafted from stone such as quartzite, volcanic rock, flint, or chert, these pear-shaped implements were painstakingly formed by striking flakes from both sides of a stone core. The result was a surprisingly sharp zig-zag cutting edge—one capable of rivaling the sharpness of many modern knives. Invented by Homo erectus roughly 1.8 million years ago, the hand axe quickly became the ultimate survival tool. It could cut, chop, scrape, butcher, and process materials of all kinds. In many ways, it was the first true multi-tool. And while modern Swiss Army knives are celebrated as symbols of ingenuity, the concept of a versatile cutting tool dates back nearly two million years before Switzerland ever existed. Why Knives Made Humans Successful Hunters The significance of these early blades extends far beyond simple utility. The ability to manufacture and use cutting tools fundamentally altered humanity’s place in nature. For the first time, humans could create effective hunting weapons such as spears and lances. They could defend themselves against predators, process game more efficiently, and exploit food sources unavailable to competing species. Simply put, knives allowed humans to overcome their biological limitations. The development of cutting tools transformed early humans into effective hunters and ultimately helped establish our species as one of evolution’s greatest success stories. Even the transition from nomadic hunter-gatherer societies to settled agricultural communities depended heavily on advances in cutting technology. Without blades capable of processing wood, preparing food, shaping tools, and managing crops, the rise of civilization as we know it would have been impossible. The knife became a bridge between primitive survival and organized society. More Than a Tool: A Cultural Symbol The knife’s importance is reflected not only in archaeology but also in language and culture. For thousands of years, blades have occupied a unique place in human rituals, traditions, and symbolism. Objects tied directly to survival often acquire deeper meaning, and the knife is no exception. Many outdoorsmen can still remember receiving their first pocketknife as a child. The moment usually came with a mixture of excitement, responsibility, and a stern warning from a father or grandfather. That sense of respect remains deeply ingrained. After all, the knife has accompanied humanity for approximately 2.5 million years. During that time, blades evolved from stone to copper, bronze, iron, and eventually modern steel. Yet despite countless technological advances, the development of the knife is far from complete. Today’s knife makers continue to push the limits of metallurgy, design, and performance—just as their ancestors did thousands of years ago. Austrian Bladesmith Thomas Schurian Creates Handcrafted Knives for Hunters, Collectors, and Outdoorsmen The Renaissance of Handmade Knives: Meet Austrian Master Bladesmith Thomas Schurian In an age dominated by automation, mass production, and global supply chains, one might assume that traditional bladesmithing belongs to the past. Yet the opposite is happening. Across Europe and North America, hunters, outdoorsmen, chefs, and collectors are rediscovering the value of handcrafted knives. In a world increasingly filled with disposable products, many people are once again searching for craftsmanship, authenticity, and tools built to last a lifetime. That trend has fueled a remarkable resurgence of custom knife making. Few craftsmen embody this revival better than Austrian bladesmith Thomas Schurian. Working from his workshop in Carinthia, Austria, Schurian has built a reputation for creating exclusive hunting knives, collector’s pieces, and custom blades that combine traditional craftsmanship with cutting-edge metallurgy. “Demand for handcrafted knives has definitely increased,” Schurian explains. “Whether it’s hunting knives, pocketknives, or collector’s pieces, people appreciate owning something unique.” His success did not come without risk. Originally trained as a locksmith and master blacksmith, Schurian once held a secure and well-paid position as a plant manager at an established metalworking company. Walking away from that career to pursue knife making full-time required both courage and conviction. “I knew I was taking a considerable risk,” he says. “Leaving a secure career to make knives for a living is not something most people would consider a safe decision.” Fortunately, his gamble paid off. Today, Schurian’s clientele extends far beyond local hunters and fishermen. His knives are sought after by outdoor enthusiasts, publishers, prominent firearms manufacturers, industrial leaders, and even members of Middle Eastern royal families. For Schurian, however, prestige has never been the primary goal. The real reward lies in creating exceptional tools. The Search for the Perfect Steel Every serious knife maker understands a simple truth: A knife is only as good as the steel from which it is made. Schurian’s background in metalworking provided him with an extensive understanding of steel and heat treatment. But creating knives at the highest level demanded more than simply choosing from existing materials. Modern metallurgy offers countless steel alloys, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. Some prioritize hardness. Others maximize toughness. Still others focus on corrosion resistance. Finding the perfect balance between these characteristics remains one of the greatest challenges in knife design. Rather than accepting compromise, Schurian decided to pursue his own solution. Working alongside a leading industrial manufacturer, he helped develop a proprietary chromium-molybdenum steel enhanced with vanadium. According to Schurian, the alloy delivers exactly what demanding hunters and outdoorsmen expect: Outstanding edge retention High fracture resistance Excellent flexibility Superior corrosion protection “In my opinion, this steel combines all the characteristics my customers are looking for,” he explains. “It offers the right balance between durability, toughness, and cutting performance.” For hunters who rely on a knife for field dressing game in harsh weather conditions, those qualities matter far more than marketing claims. A knife may be admired in the display case, but its true value is proven in the field. The Return of Damascus Steel Among modern knife enthusiasts, few materials inspire as much fascination as Damascus steel. Known for its distinctive flowing patterns and legendary reputation, Damascus has experienced a remarkable comeback in recent years. Its origins can likely be traced to the Middle East, where craftsmen developed sophisticated forging techniques centuries ago. The material takes its name from the ancient city of Damascus, once one of the most important trading centers in the world. Modern Damascus steel is created by combining two different steel alloys. Typically, one steel provides hardness while the other contributes toughness and flexibility. Through a process known as forge welding, the metals are repeatedly folded, heated, and bonded together. The result is a blade that combines the strengths of both materials. “Most Damascus steel combines a hard steel with a softer one,” Schurian explains. “The process allows us to take advantage of each material’s unique characteristics.” The practical benefits are significant. The harder layers help maintain a razor-sharp edge, while the softer layers add resilience and reduce the likelihood of catastrophic failure. The blade becomes both durable and flexible. But Damascus offers more than performance alone. After the forging process is complete, the blade is etched and polished, revealing the beautiful wave-like patterns hidden within the steel. No two Damascus knives are ever exactly alike. Each blade carries its own unique fingerprint. For many collectors, that individuality is every bit as important as the knife’s cutting ability. When Function Becomes Art Spend a few minutes handling one of Schurian’s knives and something becomes immediately apparent. These are not factory products. They possess a different feel. A different balance. A different soul. Every line, curve, and material choice reflects the decisions of a craftsman rather than the requirements of mass production. That distinction matters. In the hunting world, a knife is often more than equipment. It becomes a trusted companion carried season after season, hunt after hunt. The scratches and wear marks that accumulate over time tell stories no factory-fresh knife ever can. Perhaps that is why handmade knives continue to thrive despite overwhelming competition from industrial manufacturers. Hunters understand the value of tools they can trust. And trust is rarely mass-produced. The smaller the edge’s surface area, the greater the pressure it can exert while cutting. Inside The Forge: Where Science, Steel and Tradition Meet To truly understand a knife, you have to understand what happens at the edge. That razor-thin line of steel is where physics, metallurgy, and craftsmanship converge. After discussing steel alloys and blade design, Thomas Schurian turns his attention to a topic that fascinates hunters and outdoorsmen alike: what actually happens when a knife cuts? The answer is surprisingly complex. Most people think of cutting as slicing. In reality, a knife functions as a highly refined wedge. The process depends on pressure. Lots of it. “The smaller the surface area of the cutting edge, the greater the pressure it can generate,” Schurian explains. “That’s why a sharp knife cuts effortlessly, while a dull one requires force.” From a scientific standpoint, a knife separates material by forcing molecules apart. The molecules that make up wood, meat, hide, rope, or other materials are held together by atomic bonding forces. As the blade penetrates the material, the wedge-shaped edge pushes those molecules farther and farther apart. Eventually, the bonds can no longer hold. The material separates. The cut is made. It is a simple principle that has remained unchanged for millions of years. Whether it is a prehistoric stone blade or a modern hunting knife crafted from advanced steel, the physics remain exactly the same. A 350-Year-Old Barn Turned Bladesmith's Workshop To see that principle transformed into reality, we step into Schurian’s workshop. The forge is located inside a beautifully restored 350-year-old barn. The contrast is striking. Ancient timber beams frame modern machinery. Traditional craftsmanship shares space with contemporary metallurgy. It feels less like a factory and more like a laboratory for knife making. On workbenches throughout the shop lie a remarkable variety of handle materials. Swiss stone pine. Red deer antler. Exotic snakewood—one of the hardest woods on Earth. Modern synthetic materials such as epoxy composites and engineered polymers. For Schurian, the handle is far more than decoration. It determines how a knife feels in the hand and how it performs under real-world conditions. Some of the most unusual materials undergo extensive stabilization before they ever become part of a finished knife. Driftwood. Ancient bog oak. Even mammoth ivory estimated to be more than 40,000 years old. These porous materials are infused with specialized resins that dramatically increase their durability and resistance to moisture, temperature changes, and hard use. The result is a handle that preserves the beauty of natural materials while offering modern performance. Building a Knife from Scratch Schurian doesn’t simply build knives. He teaches others how to build them as well. His knife-making courses attract outdoorsmen, hunters, craftsmen, and collectors eager to create a blade with their own hands. Over the course of two days, participants learn the fundamentals of metallurgy, blade design, grinding, heat treatment, and finishing. Then they build their own knife. From concept to completion. The process begins with a simple question: What is the knife intended to do? “Function always comes first,” Schurian says. Only after the purpose is clearly defined does the design process begin. Blade shape. Steel selection. Handle material. Dimensions. Balance. Every decision influences the final product. The initial design is drawn onto cardboard before being transferred to a steel blank. The rough shape is then cut out, refined on a belt grinder, and carefully shaped. Next comes one of the most critical stages in knife making: Heat treatment. Depending on the type of steel being used, the blade is hardened at temperatures ranging from approximately 1,525 to 1,920 degrees Fahrenheit (830–1,050°C). This process determines many of the blade’s final characteristics, including hardness, toughness, and edge retention. After heat treatment, the handle scales are fitted, contours are refined, and the knife undergoes extensive finishing and polishing. Hours of work culminate in a single object. A tool. A piece of craftsmanship. And often, a future heirloom. Learning the Art of Sharpness Knife making is only half the story. Knife maintenance is equally important. Even the finest blade eventually requires sharpening. That is why Schurian also teaches sharpening courses, introducing students to the traditional methods that many modern knife owners have forgotten. Participants learn how to sharpen blades using natural whetstones, including the renowned Belgian Coticule stone. More importantly, they learn why certain sharpening techniques work and others fail. Proper edge geometry. Steel characteristics. Maintenance practices. Storage methods. Understanding these fundamentals often transforms the way people think about knives. A quality blade, properly maintained, can serve for decades. Sometimes generations. Perfection Has No Shortcut As both a passionate hunter and a perfectionist, Schurian approaches every knife with a simple philosophy: No two users are exactly alike. As a result, no two knives should be either. Every custom knife begins with a conversation. The customer’s needs, preferences, hunting style, and intended use all become part of the design process. “Only by incorporating the customer’s ideas and wishes can you achieve a truly perfect result,” Schurian says. That approach requires more than technical skill. It requires creativity. Because in many ways, a bladesmith is also an artist. Steel, antler, wood, and synthetic materials become the medium through which functionality and aesthetics merge. The possibilities are nearly limitless. And the difference becomes obvious the moment a custom knife is placed in your hand. Even someone with little experience can immediately recognize the distinction. The balance feels different. The craftsmanship is evident. The knife seems alive in a way mass-produced products rarely do. The Enduring Power of the Blade Despite all the technological advances of the modern world, the knife remains one of humanity’s most essential tools. It accompanied our ancestors onto prehistoric hunting grounds. It helped build civilizations. It fed families. It defended lives. Today, it still rides on the belts and in the packs of hunters, outdoorsmen, and craftsmen around the world. The materials may have changed. The designs may have evolved. But the connection remains. Perhaps that is why knives continue to inspire such fascination. A great knife is more than steel. More than craftsmanship. More than utility. It is a reminder of where we came from. And for craftsmen like Thomas Schurian, it is proof that some traditions never lose their edge. About the Author Michael Baumgartner, MBA, is a lifelong hunter, gamekeeper, and outdoorsman from Carinthia, Austria. In addition to his professional career in banking and public service, he has dedicated years to studying hunting, wildlife management, and rural culture. As Chairman of Public Relations for the Carinthian Hunters Association, he advocates for responsible hunting and science-based communication about wildlife and conservation.

Today’s hunters can choose from an almost overwhelming variety of bullet designs. Pictured are several of RWS’s most widely used hunting bullets. There are few topics in hunting that spark more debate than bullet selection. Sit around a campfire, spend a day at the range, or join a deer camp conversation, and sooner or later the discussion will begin. Fragmenting bullet or controlled-expansion design? Lead-free or traditional lead-core? Fast and light, or heavy and slow? Almost every hunter has an opinion. More importantly, almost every hunter is convinced that he has found the “right” bullet. But from a hunting psychology perspective, that confidence is often driven by much more than ballistic performance alone. Success Builds Confidence A hunter who has experienced years of successful hunts with a particular bullet naturally develops confidence in that ammunition. That process is completely normal. When the first roe deer drops cleanly to a well-placed shot, when a stag goes down within sight, or when a difficult tracking job still ends successfully, the brain begins to associate those positive outcomes with the bullet that was used. With every successful harvest, that confidence grows stronger. Eventually, confidence becomes conviction. “This bullet works.” Modern hunting ammunition offers countless examples of this phenomenon. Many hunters swear by the Hornady ELD-X, praising its reliable expansion and long-range performance. Others prefer the lead-free Hornady CX, valuing its deep penetration and excellent weight retention. Some hunters would never trade their trusted Norma Bondstrike for anything else because it has consistently performed on red deer, chamois, wild boar, and other game over many seasons. Objectively speaking, all of these bullets are highly effective. Subjectively, however, the favorite is often the one attached to personal success stories. The Brain Loves Confirmation Norma Odin-Geschoss Psychologists refer to this tendency as confirmation bias. People naturally seek information that supports their existing beliefs while placing less emphasis on experiences that challenge them. In hunting, this often means that several clean kills with a trusted bullet are viewed as proof of its superiority. When things do not go as planned—a longer tracking job, an unexpected run after the shot, or a difficult recovery—the explanation is often found elsewhere. Maybe it was the shooting angle. Maybe the distance was misjudged. Maybe the shot placement wasn’t perfect. The bullet itself often escapes criticism. Consider a common example. One hunter experiences several short tracking distances with the lead-free RWS HIT and becomes a passionate advocate. Another hunter sees two animals travel farther than expected after being shot with the exact same bullet and immediately loses confidence. Technically, nothing has changed. Psychologically, everything has. Confidence Pulls the Trigger Too Confidence should not be viewed as a weakness. In fact, it is one of the most valuable tools a hunter can carry into the field. A hunter who trusts his equipment generally shoots calmer, stays more focused, and makes better decisions under pressure. He is not questioning his ammunition when the moment of truth arrives. He is focused entirely on making the shot. This psychological advantage is often underestimated. The most sophisticated ballistic design in the world offers little benefit if the shooter lacks confidence when the crosshairs settle on game. In many situations, confidence in a bullet can be more important than small differences in retained weight, energy transfer, or bullet construction. Modern Bullets Have Never Been Better The truth is that today’s hunting ammunition is remarkably advanced. The lead-free Norma ECOSTRIKE uses a monolithic copper design with controlled expansion. The Sako Powerhead Blade follows a similar philosophy and has become particularly popular among hunters who value deep penetration on larger game. Bonded-core bullets such as the Norma Bondstrike and modern long-range designs like the Hornady ELD-X combine exceptional accuracy with reliable terminal performance across a wide range of distances. The RWS Evolution Green has also earned a loyal following. Some hunters appreciate its rapid energy transfer, while others continue to favor deeper-penetrating monolithic designs. Talk to enough experienced hunters and a pattern quickly emerges: Almost everyone names a different bullet as the best in the world. And almost everyone has compelling hunting stories to support that claim. Most Bullets Dont's Fail Because of Ballistics Here is an uncomfortable truth: Most premium hunting bullets from reputable manufacturers do not fail because of their design. Far more often, problems stem from poor shot placement, choosing the wrong cartridge for the intended game, misjudging distance, or simple human error. Yet after a difficult recovery, ammunition is often the first thing questioned. Perhaps because it is psychologically easier to blame technology than ourselves. So, What Is the Best Hunting Bullet? Sako Powerhead Blade From a purely technical perspective, there is probably no universally perfect hunting bullet. From a psychological perspective, however, the answer is often much simpler: The best bullet is the one the hunter truly trusts. Not because it delivers the highest energy. Not because it uses the newest technology. But because years of positive experiences have created a strong mental connection. That confidence should never become blind loyalty. Hunters who remain open to innovation, honestly evaluate their results, and continue to train will ultimately make better decisions in the field. At the end of the day, hunting success is not determined solely by a Hornady ELD-X, a Norma Bondstrike, a Sako Powerhead Blade, or an RWS HIT. It comes from the combination of equipment, experience, skill, judgment—and the person behind the trigger. And that is why the debate over the world’s best hunting bullet will probably never end. Because only part of the discussion is about ballistics. The larger part takes place between the hunter’s ears.